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The Evolution of Economic Zones: From Tax Havens to Sustainable Growth Hubs Economic zones have long been recognized as powerful tools for driving manufacturing competitiveness, accelerating industrialization, and fostering trade and investment. In emerging markets, these zones have played a crucial role in shaping economic landscapes and creating opportunities for growth. Traditionally, economic zones have been associated with tax incentives and minimal regulatory oversight, making them attractive to businesses seeking cost-effective environments. However, as the global economy transforms and environmental sustainability becomes a top priority, there is an increasing need to redefine the purpose and functionality of these zones through national policy reforms. Special economic zones (SEZs) have historically contributed to economic growth by promoting innovation and generating sustainable, inclusive jobs. Countries such as China and India have leveraged SEZs to attract foreign direc...